- April 28, 2026The transverse processes are the lateral projections from each vertebra at the junction of the pedicle and lamina, providing attachment…
- April 28, 2026C7, the vertebra prominens, has the longest spinous process of all cervical vertebrae and is palpable as the prominent bony…
- April 28, 2026T1 is the first thoracic vertebra, transitioning from the cervical to the thoracic spine and articulating with the first rib.…
- April 28, 2026Vertebrae T2 through T8 are the mid-thoracic vertebrae that articulate with the corresponding ribs at their costal facets, contributing to…
- April 28, 2026The lower four thoracic vertebrae transition toward the lumbar region, with T9 through T12 articulating with the corresponding ribs —…
- April 28, 2026L1 is the first lumbar vertebra at the thoracolumbar junction, a common site for burst fractures from axial compression, and…
- April 28, 2026L2 is a large lumbar vertebra with a prominent body and strong transverse processes providing attachment for the psoas major…
- April 28, 2026L3 is considered the apex of the lumbar lordosis and the most mobile of the lumbar vertebrae, making it and…
- April 28, 2026L4 is at the level of the iliac crests — a key surface landmark — and the L4 nerve root…
- April 28, 2026L5 is the most inferior lumbar vertebra and the site of the most common lumbar disc herniation at the L5–S1…