- April 28, 2026C7, the vertebra prominens, has the longest spinous process of all cervical vertebrae and is palpable as the prominent bony…
- April 28, 2026T1 is the first thoracic vertebra, transitioning from the cervical to the thoracic spine and articulating with the first rib.…
- April 28, 2026The atlas is the first cervical vertebra, a ring-shaped bone with no vertebral body that supports the skull via two…
- April 28, 2026The axis is the second cervical vertebra, unique for its upward-projecting dens (odontoid process) that acts as a pivot around…
- April 28, 2026The third cervical vertebra is a typical cervical vertebra with a small body, bifid spinous process, and large triangular vertebral…
- April 28, 2026C4 is a typical cervical vertebra at approximately the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, contributing to…
- April 28, 2026C5 is the most commonly fractured cervical vertebra in flexion injuries. The C5 nerve root is associated with deltoid and…
- April 28, 2026C6 has a prominent anterior tubercle of its transverse process (the carotid tubercle) against which the carotid artery can be…
- April 28, 2026The erector spinae is the primary extensor muscle mass of the spine, consisting of three longitudinal columns that fill the…
- April 28, 2026The multifidus is the primary segmental stabiliser of the lumbar spine, providing the deep intersegmental stiffness that the erector spinae…