- April 28, 2026The thoracic facet joints face nearly coronally (frontal plane), enabling the thoracic spine's primary motion of rotation while limiting the…
- April 28, 2026The thoracodorsal nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi, entering it at the neurovascular hilum approximately 10-12 cm from the posterior axillary…
- April 28, 2026The intercostal nerves (T1-T11) supply the chest and abdominal wall in dermatomal bands. The classic dermatome pattern — each nerve…
- April 28, 2026Cooper's suspensory ligaments are the fibrous septae connecting the breast skin to the deep pectoral fascia, providing structural support to…
- April 28, 2026The costoclavicular (rhomboid) ligament is the most important SC joint stabiliser, anchoring the medial clavicle to the first rib from…
- April 28, 2026The supraspinous ligament connects the spinous process tips of the thoracic spine in a continuous band, forming the posterior tension…
- April 28, 2026The costophrenic ligament refers to the fibrous attachment of the peripheral diaphragm to the costal margin, creating the costophrenic recess…
- April 28, 2026The rhomboid major is the larger of the two rhomboids, retracting the scapula and rotating the glenoid inferiorly. Weakness of…
- April 28, 2026The rhomboid minor is the smaller, more superior rhomboid, inserting at the root of the scapular spine. Together with the…
- April 28, 2026Serratus anterior is the key muscle holding the scapula against the thorax and rotating it upward for arm elevation. Long…