The cerebrum is divided into a left and a right hemisphere, separated by the longitudinal fissure and linked mainly by the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere has frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, plus the insula and limbic lobe, and mainly controls and senses the opposite side of the body. The two sides are not identical in function: in most people the left hemisphere is dominant for language.
| Location | Paired halves of the cerebrum on either side of the longitudinal cerebral fissure |
|---|---|
| Parts | |
| Connections |
|
| Blood Supply | Anterior cerebral artery; Middle cerebral artery; Posterior cerebral artery |
Each hemisphere controls movement and receives sensation from the opposite side of the body, while the two halves share information and specialise for tasks such as language (usually left) and spatial attention (usually right).
About 95 percent of right-handed people and most left-handed people have left-hemisphere language dominance, so left-sided lesions often cause aphasia. Right (non-dominant) parietal lesions classically cause neglect of the left side of space. Surgical disconnection of the hemispheres (corpus callosotomy) or large hemispheric strokes reveal how much each side specialises.
Large infarction of one hemisphere causing weakness of the opposite side, plus aphasia (dominant side) or neglect (non-dominant side).
Failure to attend to one side of space, usually the left after right parietal damage.
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