The deltoid fascia is the layer of deep fascia that wraps the deltoid and sends thin sheets (septa) into the muscle. These septa divide the middle part into a many-feathered (multipennate) arrangement, giving it great strength over a short range, and let the front, middle and back parts work partly independently.
| Location | Over and within the deltoid muscle of the shoulder |
|---|---|
| Boundaries |
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Invests the deltoid and, through its internal septa, gives the middle part its multipennate structure for extra force. It lets the three parts of the muscle act partly independently.
The deep deltoid fascia is opened in deltoid-splitting approaches. Splitting beyond 5 cm risks axillary nerve branches. Reattachment of this fascial layer is essential in deltoid repair after shoulder arthroplasty.
Axillary nerve branch injury from over-extensive deltoid splitting producing anterior deltoid weakness after proximal humeral fracture fixation.
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