The scapula is a triangular flat bone forming the posterior shoulder girdle, featuring the glenoid cavity for the shoulder joint, the acromion and coracoid processes, and extensive surfaces for 17 muscles of the shoulder and arm.
Scapular fractures require high-energy trauma and imply significant associated injuries (pneumothorax, rib fractures, vascular injury) in 40 to 90 percent of cases. Winging from serratus anterior or trapezius paralysis impairs glenohumeral mechanics. The suprascapular notch contains the suprascapular nerve, which is compressed producing supraspinatus and infraspinatus weakness. Glenoid defects from recurrent shoulder dislocations require bone grafting (Latarjet procedure).
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