The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin, made of 15-30 or more rows of flat, dead, keratin-filled cells embedded in lipids, often likened to bricks and mortar. Cells constantly shed from its surface.
| Location | Outer surface of the epidermis; thickest on the palms and soles |
|---|---|
| Parts |
|
| Nerve Supply | None (dead cell layer) |
| Blood Supply | None (epidermis is avascular; nourished from dermal capillaries) |
| Venous drainage |
|
| Lymphatic drainage |
|
Forms the main barrier against water loss, chemicals, microbes and friction.
Most topical medicines must cross this layer, which limits absorption. Repeated friction thickens it into calluses and corns. Over-washing and irritants strip its lipids, leading to dry, cracked skin and contact dermatitis.
Thickened stratum corneum from repeated pressure, common on the feet and hands.
Damage to the barrier from soaps, solvents or friction causing red, cracked skin.
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