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Home › Body Atlas › Organs › Nipple and Areola
Organ Chest

Nipple and Areola

papilla mammaria et areola mammae

The nipple is the raised projection at the centre of the breast where 15-20 lactiferous ducts open. It is surrounded by the areola, a ring of pigmented skin containing small raised areolar (Montgomery) glands. Smooth muscle in both contracts with cold, touch or breastfeeding, making the nipple firm and erect.

Anatomical Data

Structure & Supply

LocationCentre of the breast, typically over the 4th intercostal space in males and non-lactating breasts
Parts
Nerve Supply4th intercostal nerve (anterior and lateral cutaneous branches)
Blood SupplyInternal thoracic and lateral thoracic artery branches
Venous drainage
  • Subareolar venous plexus
Lymphatic drainage
  • Subareolar lymphatic plexus
  • Axillary nodes
Biomechanics

Function & Actions

Delivers milk to the nursing infant; the areolar glands lubricate and protect the skin during breastfeeding.

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

In men the nipple usually lies at the 4th intercostal space and marks the T4 dermatome. A newly inverted nipple, bloody discharge from a single duct, or an eczema-like rash on the nipple (possible Paget disease) needs investigation for underlying cancer. Cracked, painful nipples are common in the early weeks of breastfeeding, usually from poor latch.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Paget Disease of the Nipple

A scaly, eczema-like change of the nipple linked to an underlying breast cancer.

Nipple Discharge

Fluid from the nipple; bloody or single-duct discharge can signal a duct papilloma or cancer.

Cracked Nipples

Painful fissures from breastfeeding, often due to poor attachment.

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