The nail matrix is the growth zone of the nail, a specialised area of epithelium lying under the proximal nail fold and extending forward to the lunula. Its constantly dividing cells fill with hard keratin and form the nail plate. Damage to it permanently changes how the nail grows.
| Location | Beneath the proximal nail fold, extending distally to the lunula, on the dorsum of the distal phalanx |
|---|---|
| Parts |
|
| Nerve Supply | Dorsal branches of the proper palmar digital nerves (median and ulnar nerves) |
| Blood Supply | Dorsal branches of the proper palmar digital arteries; Proper palmar digital arteries |
| Venous drainage |
|
| Lymphatic drainage |
|
Produces the nail plate by continuous cell division and keratinisation.
Injuries or surgery involving the matrix can leave a split, ridged or absent nail, so it is carefully repaired after crush injuries. Destroying part of the matrix with chemicals (phenol) is used to stop an ingrown toenail coming back. Melanocytes in the matrix are the source of pigmented nail streaks and nail melanoma.
A permanently deformed nail from damage to the matrix by injury, infection or skin disease.
A melanoma arising in the nail matrix, often showing as a widening dark streak and pigment on the nail fold (Hutchinson sign).
This website uses cookies to enhance your experience. Some are essential for site functionality, while others help us analyze and improve your usage experience. Please review your options and make your choice.
If you are under 16 years old, please ensure that you have received consent from your parent or guardian for any non-essential cookies.
Your privacy is important to us. You can adjust your cookie settings at any time. For more information about how we use data, please read our privacy policy. You may change your preferences at any time by clicking on the settings button below.
Note that if you choose to disable some types of cookies, it may impact your experience of the site and the services we are able to offer.
Some required resources have been blocked, which can affect third-party services and may cause the site to not function properly.
This website uses cookies to enhance your browsing experience and ensure the site functions properly. By continuing to use this site, you acknowledge and accept our use of cookies.
