The mandibular second molars lie behind the first molars in the lower jaw (Universal 31 on the right and 18 on the left, FDI 47 and 37). They have four cusps of nearly equal size, divided by a cross-shaped groove pattern, and two roots (mesial and distal) that sit closer together than those of the first molar. They erupt at about 11-13 years.
| Location | Lower dental arch, behind the first molar on each side |
|---|---|
| Parts |
|
| Nerve Supply | Inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve); Buccal nerve (buccal gingiva); Lingual nerve (lingual gingiva) |
| Blood Supply | Inferior alveolar artery (from the maxillary artery) |
| Venous drainage |
|
| Lymphatic drainage |
|
Grind food behind the first molar and help support the bite.
A partly erupted or impacted wisdom tooth behind it can trap food against its back surface, causing hidden decay and bone loss there. Its roots sometimes join into a C-shaped root and canal, which complicates root canal treatment. Root tips of lower second and third molars lie below the mylohyoid line, so infection from them can spread into the submandibular space.
Decay on the back surface caused by food trapped beside an impacted third molar.
Gum disease destroying the bone between the two roots, making the tooth harder to clean and treat.
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