The orbital gyri form the underside of each frontal lobe, resting on the orbital plate of the frontal bone above the eye socket. An H-shaped orbital sulcus divides them into anterior, posterior, medial and lateral orbital gyri. Together with the gyrus rectus they form the orbitofrontal cortex.
| Location | Inferior surface of the frontal lobe, above the orbital roof and lateral to the olfactory sulcus |
|---|---|
| Parts |
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| Connections |
|
| Blood Supply | Anterior cerebral artery (orbitofrontal branch); Middle cerebral artery (lateral orbitofrontal branch) |
Evaluates rewards and punishments, links smell and taste with value, and guides emotional and social decision making.
Orbitofrontal damage typically causes disinhibition, impulsivity and poor social judgement with preserved intelligence, as in the famous case of Phineas Gage. This surface is frequently bruised in head injuries because it lies on the rough orbital roof. Meningiomas of the olfactory groove and sphenoid wing can compress it.
Disinhibition, impulsivity and inappropriate social behaviour after orbitofrontal damage.
Bruising of the orbital gyri against the orbital roof in head trauma.
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