The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus. It has a deep basal layer that stays put and a functional layer that thickens under oestrogen, becomes secretory under progesterone, and sheds as the menstrual period if no pregnancy occurs. It is where the embryo implants.
| Location | Lining of the uterine cavity of the fundus and body |
|---|---|
| Parts |
|
| Blood Supply | Spiral arteries (from the radial branches of the uterine artery); Basal arteries |
| Venous drainage |
|
| Lymphatic drainage |
|
Prepares each cycle to receive an embryo, forms the maternal part of the placenta in pregnancy, and is shed as menstruation if pregnancy does not occur.
Endometrial thickness on ultrasound is used to assess bleeding after menopause. Endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus causes endometriosis, a common cause of painful periods and infertility. Unopposed oestrogen, as in obesity or some hormone treatments, can thicken it abnormally (hyperplasia) and raise the risk of endometrial cancer.
Endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus, typically on the ovaries and pelvic peritoneum, causing pelvic pain and infertility.
Overgrowth of the lining from excess oestrogen, which can progress to cancer.
Scarring of the endometrium, often after curettage, causing scant periods and infertility.
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