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Discal Ligaments of the TMJ

ligamenta discalia articulationis temporomandibularis

The discal ligaments (collateral discal ligaments) attach the medial and lateral margins of the articular disc to the poles of the mandibular condyle, binding the disc to the condyle so they move as a unit during jaw translation.

Region: Head & Skull

Biomechanics

Function & Actions

Tether the articular disc to the condylar poles, ensuring that disc and condyle translate together during jaw opening. Prevent the disc from sliding medially or laterally off the condyle during chewing.

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

Discal ligament stretching or tearing is the primary mechanism of internal derangement — the disc can slide anteriorly once its lateral and medial attachments are lax. Progressive discal ligament failure leads to irreducible disc displacement (closed lock). Discal ligament repair is performed during open TMJ disc repositioning surgery.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Discal Ligament Elongation

Gradual stretching of the collateral discal ligaments allowing progressive anterior disc displacement, the primary pathomechanism of TMJ internal derangement.

Discal Ligament Rupture

Complete discal ligament failure producing irreducible anterior disc displacement, manifesting as an acute closed lock with severe opening restriction.