The TMJ is the only bilateral joint that must function simultaneously as a unit — the two condyles are linked through the mandible, meaning pathology of one affects the other. The articular disc is attached to the condyle and moves with it during opening; disc displacement produces clicking (incomplete anterior disc displacement) or locking (complete displacement preventing mouth opening). TMD (temporomandibular disorder) affects 15-20% of adults.
TMJ disc displacement with reduction produces click on opening; without reduction produces closed lock (limited opening to 25-30 mm from condyle translation blockage). Conservative management (splints, physiotherapy, NSAIDs) resolves 80-90% of TMD. Surgical arthroscopy or open discoplasty for refractory cases.
Anterior disc displacement producing clicking (with reduction) or locked jaw (without reduction) managed with splints, physiotherapy, and arthroscopic disc repositioning.
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