Sternoclavicular Joint

articulatio sternoclavicularis

The sternoclavicular joint is the only bony articulation connecting the upper limb to the axial skeleton, making it the structural pivot point for all shoulder girdle movements. An intra-articular disc divides it into two compartments and contributes to its remarkable mobility. Despite appearing mechanically simple, the SC joint transmits enormous forces during overhead activities and falls on the outstretched hand.

Region: Chest

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

SC joint dislocations are rare but clinically important because posterior dislocations can compress the trachea, oesophagus, and great vessels behind the sternum, constituting a surgical emergency. Anterior dislocations are more common and present as a visible anterior prominence that is painful with shoulder movement. Degenerative SC joint arthritis produces medial clavicular pain reproduced by cross-body adduction and is easily confirmed with CT, which shows joint space narrowing and osteophytes.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

SC Joint Dislocation

Anterior or posterior clavicular displacement at the sternoclavicular joint from a compressive or direct blow mechanism. Posterior dislocations require urgent CT to exclude vascular or airway compression before reduction.