Sternoclavicular Joint (Detail)

articulatio sternoclavicularis

The sternoclavicular joint is the only true synovial joint connecting the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Its saddle-shaped articulation and the articular disc make it one of the most stable joints relative to its range of motion. The posterior capsule is the primary restraint against anterior dislocation. Posterior SC dislocation is rare but potentially life-threatening from mediastinal structure compression.

An expanded entry for Sternoclavicular Joint.

Anatomical Data

Structure

Bones	Medial clavicle Clavicular notch of the manubrium First costal cartilage Articular disc (fibrocartilage, divides the joint into two compartments)
Ligaments	Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments Costoclavicular ligament (primary stability) Interclavicular ligament

Biomechanics

Function & Actions

Movements	Elevation 35 degrees Depression 10 degrees Protraction 35 degrees Retraction 25 degrees Rotation 45 degrees (clavicular rotation during full arm elevation)

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

Posterior SC dislocation from direct force is a surgical emergency. The dislocated clavicle head can compress the trachea, oesophagus, and great vessels. Closed reduction under general anaesthesia using the towel clip technique is first-line; open reduction with suture stabilisation for failed reduction or late cases. CT confirms the dislocation direction.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Posterior SC Dislocation

Life-threatening posterior sternoclavicular dislocation compressing mediastinal structures requiring emergency closed or open reduction.

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