The proximal tibiofibular joint is a small plane synovial joint between the fibular head and the posterolateral tibia. It allows 2-3 mm of fibular glide and rotation during ankle movement. The joint communicates with the knee joint in approximately 10% of individuals through the popliteus bursa.
The proximal tibiofibular joint is dislocated in high-energy knee injuries and may be confused with a fibular head fracture. The common peroneal nerve wraps around the fibular neck immediately adjacent. Anterolateral dislocation is most common, producing a prominent fibular head. Reduction is usually possible with direct pressure. Superior tibiofibular joint ganglion cysts compress the peroneal nerve causing foot drop.
Anterior or posterolateral displacement of the fibular head from its tibial articulation after direct trauma or ankle dislocation, presenting as a prominent fibular head and peroneal nerve palsy.
Intraneural or periarticular ganglion cyst adjacent to the proximal tibiofibular joint compressing the common peroneal nerve, producing progressive foot drop and lateral leg numbness.
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