The pronator fossa is the hollow anterior to the elbow joint between the brachialis medially and the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus laterally, occupied by the brachial artery, median nerve, and the distal biceps tendon. This space is the surgical territory of the anterior elbow approach.
The pronator fossa is the key dissection space in the anterior Henry approach to the radius and in elbow arthroplasty. The brachial artery bifurcation and median nerve are the critical structures identified in this space. Antecubital fossa hematoma from venipuncture may compress these structures. The lacertus fibrosus roofs this space and must be divided for adequate exposure.
Blood collection in the pronator fossa from brachial artery injury during venipuncture or elbow dislocation, producing antecubital swelling and potential median nerve and brachial artery compression.
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