The lateral (peroneal) compartment is bounded by the fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa, and the crural fascia. It contains the peroneus longus and brevis muscles and the superficial peroneal nerve. The compartment is relatively small and may develop acute or chronic exertional syndrome.
The superficial peroneal nerve passes through the lateral compartment before piercing the fascia 10-12 cm above the lateral malleolus. Lateral compartment syndrome produces lateral leg pain and numbness over the dorsum of the foot from nerve compression. The lateral compartment is released via a single lateral incision during four-compartment fasciotomy.
Pressure elevation in the peroneal compartment causing lateral leg pain and superficial peroneal nerve symptoms, including foot dorsum numbness and weak eversion.
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