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Interphalangeal Joints (Foot)

articulationes interphalangeae pedis

The toe interphalangeal joints are hinge joints that primarily flex the toes to grip the ground during push-off. The great toe has a single IP joint and the lesser toes have both PIP and DIP joints. Deformity at these joints — hammertoe (PIP flexion contracture), claw toe (MTP hyperextension with PIP flexion), and mallet toe (DIP flexion) — produces painful corns from shoe friction and reduced toe ground contact for propulsion.

Region: Foot & Ankle

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The distinction between hammertoe (intrinsic muscle imbalance), claw toe (combined intrinsic and extrinsic muscle imbalance), and mallet toe (DIP flexion from FDL tightness) guides surgical management. Hammertoe correction involves PIP joint fusion or resection arthroplasty. The PIP joint corn on the dorsum of the toe is the primary symptom and is eliminated by straightening the deformity surgically.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Hammertoe Deformity

PIP flexion contracture producing dorsal PIP corn from shoe friction managed with shoe modification, toe padding, and surgical PIP joint arthrodesis for rigid deformities.