The interphalangeal joints of the foot include the single IP joint of the great toe and the PIP and DIP joints of the lesser toes. Hammer toe deformity (PIP flexion contracture with DIP neutral or hyperextended) and mallet toe (DIP flexion deformity) are the most common lesser toe deformities requiring surgical correction. The great toe IP joint is the site of sesamoiditis and IP joint arthritis.
Hammer toe correction at the PIP joint: flexible deformities are corrected by FDS tenotomy and sequential soft tissue release; rigid deformities require PIP resection arthroplasty (excising the proximal phalanx head) or arthrodesis. DIP (mallet toe) deformity is corrected by extensor tenotomy for flexible and DIP arthrodesis for rigid deformities.
PIP flexion contracture corrected with FDS tenotomy for flexible or PIP arthroplasty/arthrodesis for rigid deformities.
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