The infrapiriform foramen is the lower division of the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle, transmitting the sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal nerve and vessels, pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, and nerves to obturator internus and quadratus femoris.
The infrapiriform foramen is the exit point for the sciatic nerve from the pelvis into the gluteal region. Piriformis syndrome is characterised by sciatic nerve compression at this level. The inferior gluteal vessels may be inadvertently damaged during posterior hip arthroplasty approaches in this region. Endoscopic deep gluteal space surgery accesses the infrapiriform contents for piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve release.
Sciatic nerve entrapment at the infrapiriform space from piriformis hypertrophy, fibrous bands, or anatomical variants of nerve passage through the piriformis producing buttock and posterior leg pain, managed by endoscopic nerve release.
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