The most mobile joint in the body, trading stability for range of motion. The large humeral head articulates with the small shallow glenoid, relying on the rotator cuff and labrum for dynamic stabilisation.
Most commonly dislocated large joint — 95% anteriorly. Conditions include impingement, rotator cuff tears, instability, and adhesive capsulitis.
Humeral head displaced anterior to glenoid from abduction-external rotation, often creating a Bankart labral lesion with high recurrence in young athletes.
Rotator cuff and bursal compression beneath the coracoacromial arch producing a painful arc of abduction.
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