The axillary (inferior) recess is the dependent fold of the glenohumeral joint capsule that unfolds during abduction to accommodate the full range of shoulder elevation. In adhesive capsulitis this recess contracts to nearly nothing, producing the restriction of abduction and external rotation that characterises frozen shoulder. Hydrodilatation ruptures this recess to restore shoulder motion.
The axillary recess is the primary target of arthroscopic capsular release in adhesive capsulitis — releasing the inferior and posterior capsule in this recess is the most important step to restore elevation. Its volume in frozen shoulder is reduced from the normal 10-35 mL to as little as 3-5 mL, visible on arthrography as a tight, minimally distensible joint.
Axillary recess fibrosis restricting abduction in adhesive capsulitis managed with hydrodilatation rupturing the contracted inferior recess.
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