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Alveolar Process of the Maxilla

processus alveolaris maxillae

The alveolar process is the thick, curved lower part of the maxilla that contains the sockets (alveoli) for the upper teeth. Together with its partner it forms the upper dental arch, and it develops and remains only as long as the teeth are present.

Anatomical Data

Structure & Landmarks

Articulations	Upper teeth (gomphoses in the dental alveoli) Opposite maxilla at the intermaxillary suture
Landmarks	Dental alveoli (sockets) Interalveolar septa Jugum alveolare (ridges over the canine and incisor roots) Maxillary tuberosity (posterior end)
Ossification	Develops in membrane with the maxilla and forms around the developing tooth germs; its bone is laid down and resorbed with tooth eruption and loss.

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

After tooth loss the alveolar process resorbs, which can make dentures and dental implants difficult and may need bone grafting or a sinus lift because the maxillary sinus lies close above the molar roots. Trauma to the upper front teeth can fracture a segment of the alveolar process with the teeth attached.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Dentoalveolar Fracture

A blow to the mouth fractures a segment of the alveolar process with its teeth, causing a mobile segment and malocclusion that is splinted to the adjacent teeth.

Oroantral Fistula

Extraction of an upper molar can open a communication between the mouth and the maxillary sinus through the thin alveolar bone.

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