Vertebral Artery

arteria vertebralis

The vertebral arteries supply the cerebellum, brainstem, and posterior cerebral hemispheres (posterior circulation) after joining to form the basilar artery at the pontomedullary junction. Their passage through the cervical foramina transversaria makes them vulnerable to cervical spine fractures, chiropractic manipulation, and extreme neck rotation. Vertebral artery dissection produces the lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome from PICA territory infarction when it occurs distally.

Region: Neck

Anatomical Data

Origin, Insertion & Supply

Origin	First branch of the subclavian artery

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

Vertebral artery dissection from sudden neck hyperextension or rotation (including chiropractic manipulation, yoga, and hairdressing) produces occipital headache, neck pain, and posterior circulation stroke symptoms including vertigo, ataxia, diplopia, and Horner syndrome. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is most commonly involved in vertebral artery territory strokes, producing the Wallenberg syndrome of ipsilateral face and contralateral body pain and temperature loss with ataxia, dysphagia, and Horner syndrome.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Vertebral Artery Dissection

Intimal tear from neck manipulation or trauma producing occlusion and PICA territory infarction causing Wallenberg lateral medullary syndrome, managed with anticoagulation and supportive rehabilitation.