The vastus medialis receives its blood supply from the descending genicular artery and from perforators of the femoral artery in the adductor canal, entering the muscle on its medial surface. These perforators are the basis for the vastus medialis perforator flap.
The vastus medialis perforators from the descending genicular artery are the vascular pedicle for the saphenous nerve flap and related medial knee perforator flaps used in knee and proximal tibial wound reconstruction. They are identified by Doppler mapping in the medial thigh. VMO (vastus medialis obliquus) function in patellar stability depends on the integrity of this blood supply during medial knee surgery.
Perforator-based flap from the vastus medialis supplied by descending genicular perforators, used for soft tissue coverage of medial knee wounds after TKA infection or traumatic wound breakdown.
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