The superior medial geniculate artery arises from the popliteal artery and passes medially, deep to the semimembranosus and semitendinosus tendons, to supply the superomedial joint capsule, medial femoral condyle periosteum, and medial patellar retinaculum.
The superior medial geniculate artery is at risk during medial approaches to the knee and in distal femoral osteotomies. It contributes to the medial patellar blood supply and its preservation is important in total knee arthroplasty. Geniculate artery embolisation targeting this vessel is used in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis pain.
Vascular injury during knee surgery producing medial knee haemarthrosis and potential compromise of medial patellar retinaculum healing.
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