The superior lateral geniculate artery arises from the popliteal artery above the knee joint, passing under the biceps femoris tendon to curve around the lateral femoral condyle and supply the superolateral knee capsule, distal vastus lateralis, and iliotibial band region.
The superior lateral geniculate artery is the most commonly injured knee vessel during total knee arthroplasty and is responsible for lateral retinacular release bleeding. It supplies the lateral aspect of the patella via anastomosis and its disruption contributes to patellar avascular necrosis in extensive releases. It is identified during lateral surgical approaches by its characteristic position under the biceps tendon.
Inadvertent division of the superior lateral geniculate artery during total knee arthroplasty or lateral retinacular release producing haemarthrosis and lateral patellar vascular compromise.
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