The superficial palmar branch of the radial artery arises at the wrist, passing superficial or through the thenar muscles to join the ulnar artery in forming the superficial palmar arch. It is the radial contribution to the superficial palmar arch and the primary supply to the thumb via princeps pollicis when the arch is complete.
The superficial palmar branch is the radial artery component ligated during Allen test assessment of ulnar collateral circulation. In radial forearm free flap harvest, preservation of the superficial palmar branch through the thenar muscles maintains adequate thumb and thenar blood flow. Its contribution to thumb perfusion is critical when planning radial artery sacrifice for coronary bypass.
Preservation of the radial artery superficial palmar branch during forearm free flap harvest or CABG radial artery harvest to maintain thenar and thumb blood supply through ulnar-to-superficial palmar arch collateral flow.
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