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Posterolateral Choroidal Artery

arteria choroidea posterolateralis

The posterolateral choroidal arteries are lateral branches of the posterior cerebral artery (from the P2 segment) supplying the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle temporal and trigonal horns, the lateral geniculate body (LGB), the pulvinar, and the lateral thalamus. They are distinct from the posteromedial choroidal arteries (which supply the 3rd ventricle choroid plexus and medial thalamus).

Region: Head & Skull

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

Posterolateral choroidal artery infarction produces a characteristic syndrome of contralateral homonymous hemianopia (from LGB involvement), hemisensory loss (from lateral thalamus), and memory impairment (from hippocampal border zone). The LGB involvement produces a distinctive quadrantic or wedge-shaped visual field defect corresponding to the choroidal supply of specific LGB sectors. In lateral transcortical or transchoroidal approaches to the posterior third ventricle, the posterolateral choroidal arteries in the choroidal fissure must be identified and preserved to avoid LGB infarction.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Lateral Geniculate Body Infarction from Posterolateral Choroidal Artery Occlusion

Posterolateral choroidal artery occlusion produces a distinctive superior or inferior homonymous horizontal sectoranopia from selective LGB laminar infarction rather than a full homonymous hemianopia, helping to localise the lesion to the LGB rather than the optic radiation or occipital cortex.