Peroneal Vein

vena fibularis

The peroneal veins (fibular veins) are paired deep veins that accompany the peroneal artery in the deep posterior compartment of the leg between the flexor hallucis longus and the fibula, draining into the popliteal vein along with the posterior tibial veins. They receive tributaries from the lateral calf muscles and communicate with the soleal venous sinusoids, contributing to the major deep venous drainage of the calf.

Region: Lower Leg

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The peroneal veins are one of the three deep vein systems assessed during calf DVT diagnosis by compression duplex ultrasound, alongside the posterior tibial and anterior tibial veins. Isolated peroneal DVT carries a lower risk of pulmonary embolism than proximal DVT but a significant risk of proximal propagation, informing anticoagulation decisions. The peroneal artery and veins are at risk during fibular graft harvest and during lateral ankle and fibular approaches for plate fixation of ankle fractures.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Calf DVT in Peroneal Veins

Peroneal vein thrombosis produces localised calf pain and swelling, diagnosed by compression duplex ultrasound showing non-compressible peroneal vein segments, with management depending on DVT risk factors, patient mobility, and serial imaging for proximal propagation rather than universal anticoagulation.