The medial calcaneal arteries are branches of the posterior tibial artery arising just distal to the tarsal tunnel, supplying the medial heel skin and subcutaneous fat. They are the primary blood supply to the medial heel pad.
The medial calcaneal arteries are the vascular pedicle for the medial calcaneal island flap used in heel pad reconstruction. They supply the heel pad — the specialised weight-bearing fibrofatty tissue under the calcaneus — and their disruption in plantar heel trauma contributes to heel pad atrophy and chronic heel pain. In plantar fascia release surgery, these vessels must be preserved to maintain heel pad viability.
Loss of medial calcaneal artery supply from plantar heel trauma producing heel pad ischaemia and subsequent heel pad atrophy with chronic pain during weight-bearing.
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