Lateral Thoracic Artery (Detail)

arteria thoracica lateralis (aspectus detailiatus)

The lateral thoracic artery arises from the second part of the axillary artery and descends along the serratus anterior muscle, supplying the serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the breast. It provides lateral mammary branches and contributes to the arterial supply of the chest wall and axillary lymph nodes.

Region: Chest

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The lateral thoracic artery is at risk during axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer and during serratus anterior flap elevation. Its lateral mammary branches supply the lateral breast tissue and must be considered in breast conservation surgery. Identifying and preserving the lateral thoracic artery during axillary dissection reduces serratus anterior devascularisation. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic perforators and intercostal arteries to form the chest wall arterial network.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Lateral Thoracic Artery Injury

Inadvertent division during axillary dissection reducing serratus anterior blood supply and contributing to lateral breast devascularisation, risking serratus muscle atrophy and lateral winging.