The lateral tarsal artery arises from the dorsalis pedis as it crosses the navicular, running laterally deep to the extensor digitorum brevis to supply the dorsal tarsal bones and muscles. It anastomoses with the perforating branch of the fibular artery and the arcuate artery.
The lateral tarsal artery is at risk during dorsal foot approaches and sinus tarsi surgery. Damage can compromise dorsal foot perfusion in patients with pre-existing peripheral vascular disease. Duplex ultrasound identifies the vessel preoperatively when a dorsal flap is planned.
Iatrogenic or traumatic disruption during dorsal foot surgery, risking avascular changes to the sinus tarsi region and extensor digitorum brevis.
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