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Inferior Rectal Artery

arteria rectalis inferior

The inferior rectal artery supplies the external anal sphincter, anal canal, and perianal skin through Alcock's canal. It is the most distal rectal vessel and is essential for sphincter function. Haemorrhoids represent congestion of the internal haemorrhoidal plexus — a venous plexus supplied by all three rectal arteries — at the anal cushions at the 3, 7, and 11 o'clock positions.

Region: Pelvis & Hip

Anatomical Data

Origin, Insertion & Supply

Origin	Internal pudendal artery (from the internal iliac anterior trunk via the lesser sciatic foramen)

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

Internal haemorrhoids arise from the internal haemorrhoidal plexus above the dentate line, supplied primarily by the superior and middle rectal vessels. External haemorrhoids arise below the dentate line in the inferior rectal artery territory. Rubber band ligation at the pedicle of the superior rectal tributaries (1-2 cm above the dentate line) interrupts haemorrhoidal inflow and produces fibrosis, treating Grade I-III internal haemorrhoids.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Haemorrhoidal Plexus Congestion

Internal haemorrhoid from anal cushion venous plexus congestion managed with rubber band ligation of the superior rectal tributaries.