Deltoid Branch of the Thoracoacromial Artery

ramus deltoideus arteriae thoracoacromialis

The deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery runs in the deltopectoral groove alongside the cephalic vein, supplying the anterior deltoid and upper pectoralis major. It is the dominant blood supply to the anterior deltoid head and is a key vessel in planning deltopectoral flaps and anterior shoulder approaches.

Region: Shoulder

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The deltoid branch accompanies the cephalic vein in the deltopectoral groove and is the vascular landmark for the deltopectoral approach to the shoulder and proximal humerus. It must be preserved when the cephalic vein is retracted medially during the approach. In deltopectoral flap elevation for head and neck reconstruction, this vessel is the primary pedicle. Sacrifice of the deltoid branch during extensive anterior shoulder surgery can produce anterior deltoid atrophy.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Anterior Deltoid Devascularisation

Loss of deltoid branch supply during extensive anterior shoulder surgery producing partial anterior deltoid atrophy and weakness of shoulder flexion, visible as anterior shoulder muscle wasting.