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Deep Temporal Arteries

arteriae temporales profundae

The deep temporal arteries, anterior and posterior, are branches of the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa that ascend deep to the temporalis muscle between it and the temporal bone, supplying the temporalis muscle from its deep surface. They anastomose superiorly with the middle temporal artery from the superficial temporal system and with the lacrimal artery through small branches through the orbital roof.

Region: Head & Skull

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The deep temporal arteries are the dominant blood supply to the temporalis muscle and are relevant in temporal craniotomy and temporomandibular surgery. In the standard pterional craniotomy, the temporalis muscle is reflected with preservation of its deep vascular supply to maintain muscle viability and cosmesis. Temporalis muscle transposition for facial reanimation in facial palsy depends on preserving the deep temporal vessels intact during muscle elevation from the temporal fossa. The anastomosis between the deep temporal arteries and the lacrimal artery through the orbital roof is a potential collateral route in ophthalmic artery disease.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Temporalis Muscle Atrophy from Deep Temporal Artery Sacrifice

Ligation or injury to the deep temporal arteries during temporal craniotomy or infratemporal fossa dissection devascularises the temporalis, producing temporal hollowing from muscle atrophy that causes significant cosmetic deformity; meticulous subfascial muscle elevation preserving the deep temporal pedicles prevents this complication.