The deep cervical artery arises from the costocervical trunk and passes posteriorly between the transverse process of C7 and the first rib to ascend in the posterior cervical muscles alongside the deep cervical vein. It supplies the deep posterior cervical muscles (semispinalis, splenius, multifidus) and provides spinal branches through the cervical intervertebral foramina.
The deep cervical artery is encountered during posterior cervical approaches and during C7-T1 interlaminar procedures. Its spinal branches contribute to the posterior spinal arteries and cervical cord blood supply. Deep cervical artery aneurysm, though rare, can compress the posterior cervical cord or brachial plexus. The vessel is included in cervical angiography when evaluating spinal cord vascular supply before multilevel laminectomy.
Iatrogenic laceration during posterior cervical surgery causing haematoma in the deep neck muscles, potentially compressing the posterior spinal cord or cervical nerve roots.
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