The common interosseous artery is a short, wide branch of the ulnar artery that arises in the upper forearm. It quickly divides into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries, which supply the deep flexor and extensor muscles and the radius and ulna. It is the largest branch of the ulnar artery.
| Origin | Ulnar artery just below the radial tuberosity |
|---|---|
| Course | A short trunk that passes backward to the upper border of the interosseous membrane and divides into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries |
| Branches |
The common interosseous artery and its branches provide an important collateral route around the elbow and wrist. Injury in proximal forearm fractures or penetrating trauma can compromise the deep forearm muscles and contribute to compartment syndrome. The posterior interosseous branch is the pedicle for the posterior interosseous flap used in hand reconstruction.
Damage from proximal forearm fractures or penetrating wounds causing haematoma and deep compartment ischaemia, requiring assessment for compartment syndrome and vascular repair where needed.
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