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Home › Body Atlas › Vessels › Coeliac Trunk
Vessel Abdomen

Coeliac Trunk

truncus coeliacus

The coeliac trunk is the artery of the foregut, supplying the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, and duodenum through its three immediate branches. It is notable for its extremely short course and immediate trifurcation, making it a surgical landmark in upper abdominal operations. Median arcuate ligament syndrome (coeliac artery compression syndrome) from compression by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm is an increasingly recognised cause of postprandial pain in young patients.

Anatomical Data

Course & Branches

OriginAnterior abdominal aorta at T12, immediately below the aortic hiatus
CourseVery short trunk (1-2 cm) dividing immediately into three branches to supply the foregut organs
Branches
Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The coeliac axis and its branches must be identified during radical gastrectomy, distal pancreatectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) and liver transplantation. Its gastroduodenal branch runs directly behind the first part of the duodenum, which is why a posterior duodenal ulcer can erode into it and cause major haemorrhage. True coeliac trunk aneurysms are uncommon compared with splenic and hepatic artery aneurysms but carry a significant rupture risk and are usually treated once they reach about 2 cm. CT angiography defines the anatomy before pancreatic and liver surgery, as variants such as a replaced right hepatic artery from the SMA are common.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome

Coeliac trunk compression by the diaphragmatic ligament producing postprandial pain and weight loss in young adults, treated by surgical or laparoscopic ligament division.

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