Cephalic Vein of the Arm

vena cephalica brachii

The cephalic vein ascends along the lateral bicipital groove of the arm, passing through the deltopectoral groove to enter the axillary vein below the clavicle. It is a major superficial upper limb vein and one of the primary sites for peripheral intravenous cannulation and venepuncture.

Region: Upper Arm

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The cephalic vein is used for peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC lines) and for the cephalic vein cutdown approach to long-term venous access. It is harvested for coronary artery bypass grafting when the saphenous vein is unavailable. The deltopectoral groove is the key anatomical landmark for cephalic vein cutdown. Axillary vein thrombosis at the cephalic vein junction is a recognised complication of PICC line insertion.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Cephalic Vein Thrombophlebitis

Superficial thrombosis of the cephalic vein presenting as a tender, indurated cord along the lateral arm and deltopectoral groove, treated with NSAIDs and warm compresses.

PICC Line Thrombosis

Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis from PICC line placement via the cephalic vein, producing arm swelling and requiring anticoagulation with catheter removal.