The frontopolar artery is a branch of the anterior cerebral artery arising at the A2 level near the genu of the corpus callosum, supplying the medial surface of the frontal pole (Brodmann areas 9, 10, 11 — the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex) and the anterior orbital surface of the frontal lobe. It is one of the earliest cortical branches of the ACA after the callosomarginal and orbitofrontal branches.
The frontopolar artery and its territory are relevant in anterior skull base and olfactory groove meningioma surgery, where the tumour displaces the frontopolar artery and the recurrent artery of Heubner. Preservation of the frontopolar artery is important for maintenance of frontal lobe perfusion during anterior falcine and craniofacial approaches. Infarction in the frontopolar territory produces executive function deficits, personality changes, and impaired working memory from prefrontal cortex hypoperfusion.
Olfactory groove meningioma resection through the anterior falcine approach requires identification of the frontopolar artery branches supplying the medial frontal lobe; inadvertent sacrifice produces prefrontal cortex infarction with postoperative personality changes, working memory impairment, and executive dysfunction.
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