The umbilical ring is the fibrous opening in the linea alba through which the umbilical cord passed during fetal life, subsequently narrowing and becoming reinforced by the surrounding fascial ring. The umbilical ring fascia is the circular fibrous condensation of the linea alba and transversalis fascia that forms the boundary of this potential hernia orifice.
The umbilical ring fascial opening is the site of umbilical hernias, which are the second most common abdominal hernia. The ring closes spontaneously in 80% of infants by age 4. In adults, umbilical hernias develop from increased intra-abdominal pressure, obesity, and pregnancy weakening the ring. Surgical repair requires fascial closure of the ring with or without mesh reinforcement. Paraumbilical hernias occur adjacent to the ring where the linea alba is weak.
Herniation through the umbilical ring fascia producing a reducible umbilical swelling, repaired surgically by primary fascial closure or mesh reinforcement depending on size.
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