The medial head of triceps has a lower origin from the posterior humeral shaft below the spiral groove, extending almost to the elbow joint level. This extensive posterior humeral attachment gives the medial head the largest origin surface of the three triceps heads.
The medial head lower origin is the deepest portion of the triceps exposed during the posterior approach to the humerus, and its periosteal elevation from the posterior shaft provides access for plate fixation. The radial nerve exits the spiral groove above the medial head lower origin. Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome may present with lower medial head origin tenderness.
Traction periostitis at the medial head triceps lower origin from repetitive extension loading producing posterior distal arm pain, a cause of chronic posterior elbow and lower arm pain in throwers.
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