Supraspinatus Tendon

tendo musculi supraspinati

The supraspinatus tendon inserts onto the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus as the most superior component of the rotator cuff. Its critical zone — the avascular area 1 cm proximal to the insertion — is where the vast majority of rotator cuff tears initiate. The tendon passes beneath the coracoacromial arch and is compressed by the subacromial space contents during elevation.

Region: Shoulder

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

Supraspinatus tears are the most common rotator cuff tears, classified as partial (articular-sided, bursal-sided, or intratendinous) or full-thickness. MRI demonstrates tear extent, fatty infiltration (Goutallier grade), and retraction. The painful arc from 60-120 degrees and positive empty can (Jobe) test implicate the supraspinatus. Small full-thickness tears are repaired arthroscopically by double-row suture anchor fixation at the footprint. Massive irreparable tears require tendon transfer (latissimus dorsi) or superior capsule reconstruction. Fatty infiltration beyond Goutallier grade 2 predicts poor repair outcome.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Supraspinatus Partial Tear

Incomplete articular or bursal surface tear producing a painful arc and mild weakness — often indistinguishable from tendinopathy without imaging.

Supraspinatus Full-Thickness Tear

Complete rupture allowing subacromial bursa-joint communication, causing significant abductor weakness requiring imaging confirmation and often surgical repair.