The long head of triceps originates by a flat tendon from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, passing between teres minor (above) and teres major (below) through the triangular space. It is the only head of triceps that crosses the shoulder joint and contributes to shoulder adduction and extension as well as elbow extension.
The long head triceps proximal tendon is at risk in posterior shoulder approaches and quadrilateral space dissection. Proximal long head triceps avulsion from the infraglenoid tubercle is a rare injury producing posterior shoulder pain and triceps weakness. The tendon passes through the triangular space where it may compress the circumflex scapular artery, contributing to scapular winging syndromes.
Rare traction injury at the infraglenoid tubercle producing posterior shoulder pain and elbow extension weakness, confirmed by MRI showing the retracted tendon stump.
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