The iliac fascia covers the iliacus muscle on the inner surface of the iliac fossa, continuous superiorly with the psoas fascia. Inferiorly it forms the iliopectineal fascia and contributes to the iliopectineal arch that divides the subinguinal space into the muscular and vascular lacunae.
The iliac fascia is the anatomical target for iliac fascia compartment block (fascia iliaca block), a regional technique that anaesthetises the femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, and obturator nerves through a single injection. It is used for hip fracture pain, femoral shaft fractures, and knee replacement analgesia. The fascia is tight and inelastic, making it the relevant boundary in iliopsoas haematoma and iliac abscess containment.
Pressure elevation within the iliac fascia from haematoma or abscess compressing the femoral nerve, producing quadriceps weakness and anterior thigh numbness requiring fascial decompression.
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