The abductor hallucis tendon provides the medial dynamic support of the foot arch and abducts the great toe. Its origin at the medial calcaneal tuberosity is adjacent to the plantar fascia medial band origin — both structures are compressed in the same entrapment point of the medial calcaneal nerve. Abductor hallucis tendinopathy at the navicular produces medial midfoot pain distinct from plantar fasciitis.
Great toe abduction; medial longitudinal arch support through its plantar position alongside the plantar fascia medial band
The abductor hallucis is the first intrinsic to atrophy in interdigital neuroma from excessive splay force and in peripheral neuropathy. The muscle belly lies along the medial plantar arch and can be mistaken for a plantar fibromatosis nodule on palpation. Strengthening the abductor hallucis (short-foot exercises) is a key target in plantar fasciitis and medial arch support rehabilitation.
Intrinsic atrophy from neuropathy or overuse producing medial arch collapse treated with short-foot exercises and arch strengthening.
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