Merkel cells are specialised cells in the basal layer of the epidermis that form touch receptors with branching sensory nerve endings (Merkel cell-neurite complexes). They are concentrated in the fingertips, lips and around hair follicles. They adapt slowly and keep signalling during sustained pressure.
| Location | Basal layer of the epidermis, especially in fingertips, lips and hair follicles |
|---|---|
| Parts |
|
| Nerve Supply | A-beta myelinated sensory fibres of the regional cutaneous nerves |
| Blood Supply | Dermal capillary plexus |
Detect sustained light pressure and fine details such as edges, points and texture.
Merkel complexes give fine spatial detail, such as edges, shapes and Braille dots. Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare but aggressive skin cancer, usually on sun-exposed skin of older or immunosuppressed people, and is often linked to Merkel cell polyomavirus. It presents as a painless, fast-growing red or violet nodule.
An aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer presenting as a rapidly growing, painless nodule, often on the head and neck. It spreads early to lymph nodes.
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